A report documenting the launch of the study on gender, economic inequalities, tax and illicit financial flows, including key findings from the study, responses from other key stakeholders present and reflections on following up from the study.
This easy-to-understand briefing highlights key findings from the Gender and Economic Inequality in Indonesia study with infographics. It explains how tax policies affect women’s lives and their economic situation, and provides recommendations for achieving gender justice through tax justice.
Aksi! for gender, social and ecological justice conducted a study on ‘Gender and Economic Inequality in Indonesia from the Perspective of Taxation and Illicit Financial Flow’ by looking at the extent to which fiscal and tax contribute to gender and economic inequality in Indonesia and the fulfilments of women’s rights.
This study explains the problem causes of the lack of state revenue from taxes, especially from companies, how the state revenue modus and distribution, and its impact on women. This study shows that the small amount of state revenue is caused by many sources of income lost due to corruption, money laundering, bribery, tax avoidance and evasion, smuggling, various types of abuse of power by officials, and tax engineering. The KPK findings and the views from many experts regarding cases of tax evasion and even the relations between taxes and corruption and money laundering have often been disclosed to the public. However, the parties with the authority do not take legal action and improve the tax management and institutional.
Small state revenues are never enough to cover state spending. The government creates new debts to cover the budget deficit. The budget intended for the community, especially women and other marginalized groups, is eroded by various unproductive state spending. Meanwhile, programs aimed at them, such as education, health and social protection programs, are unable to lift women out of poverty. This is can be seen with the poverty rate which has never decreased significantly, the unemployment rate remains high, and maternal and child health is deteriorating.
This national report provides an analysis of the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on safai karmachari communities and how they were subjected to higher risks and significant challenges due to caste discrimination. The report includes several case studies that share the stories of what people from the safai karmachari community had to face in this period.
This report provides a national analysis of the situation of safai karmachari communities, drawing on data collected by SKA from focus group discussions and interviews with 1,476 safai karmachari women in seven states as well as a desk review of available government data. The findings covered educational levels, employment status, economic status, livelihood opportunities, access to government entitlements, and the discrimination and challenges they experience. Finally, the report contrasts their experience to the relevant protections enshrined in the Indian constitution.
Indonesia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and has at least 127 volcanoes and 40% of the world’s geothermal reserves. The existing capacity in Indonesia includes 11,998 Megawatts (MW), and the reserves capacity is reaching 17,546 MW. As a result, Indonesia has become a target for investment in geothermal energy development, with massive support from international financial institutions such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank and investments from major global corporations. The reason for this development is the assumption that geothermal is a clean energy that is low-carbon and environmentally sustainable. One of the focuses of this briefer is whether this assumption is correct by looking at the experiences of communities whose territories have been the sites of geothermal exploration and exploitation. This briefer aims to provide a comprehensive overview of geothermal in terms of the rationale for its utilization, the technology used, and its impact on the environment and communities where geothermal is
developed as an energy source.
The first part of this briefing explains why geothermal is one of the energy sources to fulfill Indonesia’s commitment to achieve net carbon neutrality by 2050. It is followed by an introduction to the development of geothermal as an energy source, including its history, how it works, and the technology used. Critical discourse on the social, economic, and environmental impacts of geothermal development as an energy source is also presented through the experiences of a number of geothermal projects in Indonesia.
The utilization of geothermal as an energy source in Indonesia, which is said to be one of the low-carbon and clean energy alternatives, needs to be further considered by learning from the experiences of affected communities. We hope that this briefing can serve as a reference and learning for stakeholders in their decisions regarding the utilization of geothermal as an energy source. An equitable green transition should not only consider aspects of low-carbon energy sources but should also consider aspects of gender and social and ecological justice and adhere to the principles of human rights and women’s rights.